Gradle创建一个最简单的Spring Boot项目

半兽人 发表于: 2018-03-01   最后更新时间: 2018-03-03 20:20:04  
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Spring Boot 是什么

  • Spring Boot 是 Spring 社区发布的一个开源项目,旨在帮助开发者快速并且更简单的构建项目。大多数 Spring Boot 项目只需要很少的配置文件。

Spring Boot 特性

  • 创建独立的 Spring 项目
  • 内置 Tomcat 和 Jetty 容器
  • 提供一个 starter POMs 来简化 Maven 配置
  • 提供了一系列大型项目中常见的非功能性特性,如安全、指标,健康检测、外部配置等
  • 完全没有代码生成和 xml 配置文件

1. 创建一个 Gradle 项目

首先创建Gradle项目。

2. 创建相应的目录

因为 Spring Boot 使用 Gradle 编译,所以有固定的文件结构

目录结构
─src
     build.gradle
    ├─main
    │  ├─java
    │  │      SpringController.java
    │  │
    │  └─resources
    └─test
        ├─java
        └─resources

3. 创建一个 Controller 类(在 main 文件夹下)

SpringController.java
import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

//表明这是一个 Controller
@Controller

//RestController是一种Rest风格的Controller,可以直接返回对象而不返回视图,返回的对象可以使JSON,XML等
//@RestController

//使用自动配置,主动添加并解析bean,配置文件等信息
@EnableAutoConfiguration

public class SpringController {

    //设置访问的url
    @RequestMapping("/")
    //表示返回JSON格式的结果,如果前面使用的是@RestController可以不用写
    @ResponseBody
    String home() {
        return "Hello World!";//返回结果为字符串
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //通过SpringApplication的run()方法启动应用,无需额外的配置其他的文件
        SpringApplication.run(SpringController.class, args);
    }
}

4. 修改 build.gradle 文件

默认生成的 Gradle 文件并不能满足编译 Spring Boot 应用,需要手动修改

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()//依赖Maven仓库
    }
    dependencies {
        //使用1.4.2.RELEASE版本的Spring框架
        classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:1.4.2.RELEASE")
    }
}

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'spring-boot'

//生成的jar包包名和版本
jar {
    baseName = 'gs-rest-service'
    version =  '0.1.0'
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

//设置jdk的版本
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8

//添加编译时的依赖
dependencies {
    compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
    testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}

5. 编译项目

在命令行进入到该项目根目录下,输入gradle build进行编译,编译的过程中会下载很多的jar包,如果没有科学上网可能会很慢,编译成功后输出build successful

D:\Work\IntelliJIDEA\springboot>gradle build
The plugin id 'spring-boot' is deprecated. Please use 'org.springframework.boot' instead.
:compileJava                                                                                                               
:processResources UP-TO-DATE
:classes
:findMainClass
:jar
:bootRepackage                                                                                                        
:assemble
:compileTestJava UP-TO-DATE
:processTestResources UP-TO-DATE
:testClasses UP-TO-DATE
:test UP-TO-DATE
:check UP-TO-DATE
:build

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Total time: 5.807 secs

也可以在左侧的 gradle 中点击刷新按钮,效果是一样的

6. 启动项目

• 在命令行中输入 gradle bootrun 进行启动项目

• 也可以使用左侧的 gradle 中 Task 下的 application 中的 bootRun 按钮启动

• 默认的会启动 tomcat,使用8080端口,如果端口被占用会报错

启动成功后会输出以下内容

D:\Work\IntelliJIDEA\springboot>gradle bootrun
The plugin id 'spring-boot' is deprecated. Please use 'org.springframework.boot' instead.
:compileJava UP-TO-DATE                                                                                                                                            
:processResources UP-TO-DATE
:classes UP-TO-DATE
:findMainClass
:bootRun                                                     

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.4.2.RELEASE)

2016-11-30 22:14:47.878  INFO 9120 --- [           main] SpringController                         : Starting SpringController on H with PID 9120 (D:\WorkSpace\Intel
liJIDEA\springboot\build\classes\main started by 50185 in D:\WorkSpace\IntelliJIDEA\springboot)
2016-11-30 22:14:47.880  INFO 9120 --- [           main] SpringController                         : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default

2016-11-30 22:14:47.911  INFO 9120 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationC
onfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@57c758ac: startup date [Wed Nov 30 22:14:47 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016-11-30 22:14:49.330  INFO 9120 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2016-11-30 22:14:49.343  INFO 9120 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service Tomcat
2016-11-30 22:14:49.344  INFO 9120 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.6
2016-11-30 22:14:49.457  INFO 9120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2016-11-30 22:14:49.458  INFO 9120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1550 ms
2016-11-30 22:14:49.642  INFO 9120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2016-11-30 22:14:49.647  INFO 9120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2016-11-30 22:14:49.648  INFO 9120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2016-11-30 22:14:49.648  INFO 9120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2016-11-30 22:14:49.648  INFO 9120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2016-11-30 22:14:49.941  INFO 9120 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.
embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@57c758ac: startup date [Wed Nov 30 22:14:47 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016-11-30 22:14:50.022  INFO 9120 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto java.lang.String SpringController.home()
2016-11-30 22:14:50.026  INFO 9120 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.Respons
eEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletReque
st)
2016-11-30 22:14:50.026  INFO 9120 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springf
ramework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http
.HttpServletResponse)
2016-11-30 22:14:50.050  INFO 9120 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.sp
ringframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-11-30 22:14:50.050  INFO 9120 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springfram
ework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-11-30 22:14:50.088  INFO 9120 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class or
g.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-11-30 22:14:50.209  INFO 9120 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2016-11-30 22:14:50.263  INFO 9120 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2016-11-30 22:14:50.267  INFO 9120 --- [           main] SpringController                         : Started SpringController in 2.734 seconds (JVM running for 3.049
)
2016-11-30 22:14:57.820  INFO 9120 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2016-11-30 22:14:57.820  INFO 9120 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2016-11-30 22:14:57.836  INFO 9120 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed i
n 16 ms
> Building 80% > :bootRun

7. 通过浏览器访问该项目

  • 该项目因为配置的路径为根路径,所以直接访问localhost:8080即可

  • 如果想停止运行该项目可以在命令行中按Ctrl+C,输入Y即可停止

额外篇,通过Gradle传参给程序

build.gradle

group 'gradle-spring-boot'
version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'
ext.maxHeapSize = '-Xmx1500m' // default is 1G, but could be changed via command line or launched task type

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
        maven { url "https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/" }
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:1.4.1.RELEASE")
        classpath "com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins:shadow:1.2.4"
        classpath "co.riiid:gradle-github-plugin:0.4.2" // github releases
    }
}

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'spring-boot'
apply plugin: 'application'

mainClassName = 'org.dreams.Application'

// 生成的jar包包名和版本
jar {
    baseName = 'gs-rest-service'
    version = '0.1.0'
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

//设置jdk的版本
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8

//添加编译时的依赖
dependencies {
    compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
    testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}

task runPrivate() {
    addJvmArgIfEmpty "key", "value"

    tasks.compileJava.execute()
    tasks.bootRun.execute()
}

def addJvmArgIfEmpty(String key, String value) {
    boolean hasSystemProperty = System.getProperty(key) != null;
    if (!hasSystemProperty) {
        bootRun.jvmArgs.add('-D' + key + '=' + value)
    }
}

增加静态块

package org.dreams.controller;

import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

//表明这是一个 Controller
@Controller
//RestController是一种Rest风格的Controller,可以直接返回对象而不返回视图,返回的对象可以使JSON,XML等
//@RestController
//使用自动配置,主动添加并解析bean,配置文件等信息
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class SpringController {

    static {
        System.out.println("========" + System.getProperty("key"));
    }

    //设置访问的url
    @RequestMapping("/")
    //表示返回JSON格式的结果,如果前面使用的是@RestController可以不用写
    @ResponseBody
    String home() {
        return "Hello World!";//返回结果为字符串
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //通过SpringApplication的run()方法启动应用,无需额外的配置其他的文件
        SpringApplication.run(SpringController.class, args);
    }
}

增加 Application.java

package org.dreams;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

//@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "org.dreams.controller")
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

运行:

gradle runPrivate
更新于 2018-03-03
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